Makina oziziritsira magalimoto ndi machitidwe ovuta omwe akuchulukirachulukira kuti azindikire, kuwongolera ndi kukonza.Nkhaniyi yolembedwa ndi Mike DuBois ipereka chidziwitso chokhudza kusankha zida zoyenera ndi zida ndi mitundu yokonzanso yomwe angakuthandizireni kumaliza.
Magalimoto, O!zodabwitsa, zodabwitsa, zokwiyitsa, zododometsa, zinthu zomwe zimatipatsa gwero la ndalama zathu, zowawa, chimwemwe, zokhumudwitsa ndi zodabwitsa za apo ndi apo.
Gawo la mwezi uno likunena za gawo limodzi lagalimoto lomwe silikuwoneka kapena ngakhale lomwe limatchedwa - njira yozizira.Ndiye ndikudziwa ambiri a inu muli kale patsogolo panga pano!Ndipo ngati aliyense wa abale anga otsatsa akuwerenga izi, ine ndikukhoza kumva magudumu awo akuzungulira.Tangoganizirani zamalonda a pa TV pagalimoto yaposachedwa kwambiri ya testosterone.Wolengeza akupitirirabe za mawonekedwe, mphamvu za akavalo, chipinda cha kanyumba ndi zina zotero, ndi zina zotero. Chinthu chotsatira chimene akunena ngakhale chikuwoneka ngati chosamvetseka ...
"Galimoto ya XR13 Sport Pickup ili ndi paketi yokoka yokhala ndi ntchito yolemetsa yochotsa Kutentha kwa System."
UUU?!?Kodi sizikuchotsa kwenikweni lilime lakale, sichoncho?Chabwino, mwatsoka anyamata ndi atsikana, ndizomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi makina oziziritsira magalimoto (kwenikweni makina aliwonse ozizirira) amachita.Imachotsa kutentha.Kuziziritsa, zoziziritsira mpweya, izi ndi zinthu ndi kuchepetsa kutentha.Kwa inu amene mumakumbukira nthawi yayitali komanso achichepere ena omwe simunachoke kusukulu nthawi yayitali, mudzakumbukira aphunzitsi anu afizikiki akulankhula za mphamvu, kuyenda kwa maatomu, zopatsa mphamvu, ma convection ndi ma conduction…zzz…Oh pepani!Ndinagona pamenepo kwa miniti!(Izi zinachitika nthawi yoyamba yomwe ndimamva ndikulongosola chifukwa chake ndimagwirabe ntchito bwino m'malo mokhala pachilumba ndikumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa zokhala ndi maambulera.)
Makina oziziritsira magalimoto ndi machitidwe ovuta omwe akuchulukirachulukira kuti azindikire, kuwongolera ndi kukonza.Nkhaniyi ipereka chidziwitso chokhudza kusankha zida ndi zida ndi mitundu yokonzanso yomwe ikulolani kuti mumalize.
Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yazinthu zomwe mudzapemphedwa kuti muzichita pamagalimoto amakasitomala anu: Ntchito, Kuzindikira ndi Kukonza.Tiyeni tione ntchito zimenezi imodzi ndi imodzi.
Kuzizira System Service
Ntchito yoziziritsa nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika pagalimoto yogwira ntchito kapena galimoto ngati njira yodzitetezera kapena kutengera malingaliro a OEM kuti azigwira ntchito panthawi inayake kapena pakadutsa mtunda.Ntchitoyi iyenera kuphatikizapo, kuyang'ana zoziziritsa m'maso, kuunika kwa choziziritsira, kuyesa kupanikizika ndi ntchito, ndi kusintha chozizira cha galimoto.
Kuyang'ana kowoneka kumatha kutenga njira zingapo kutengera ngati kasitomala watchula zachilendo.Izi zingaphatikizepo kutaya kwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, kununkhiza fungo loyaka kapena choziziritsira, kutenthedwa ndi zina zotero. Ngati palibe madandaulo awa, kuyang'anitsitsa makina kuyenera kukhala kokwanira.
Kuwonekera kwa zigawo pa magalimoto kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.Chida chachikulu chatsopano chomwe ndi chopulumutsa nthawi ndi kanema wa borescope.Ngakhale kuti pakhala pali ma borescopes amtundu wachipatala omwe amapezeka kwa akatswiri kwa zaka zambiri, mtengo wake unali woletsedwa kwa ambiri.Pali zatsopano pamsika zomwe zimapereka kujambula makanema, kujambulabe, kutha kutsitsa pakompyuta yanu, zosefera za UV, mitu yaying'ono ya 6 mm m'mimba mwake ndi ma wand omveka bwino, ndipo izi zikukhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri kwa katswiri wamagalimoto. .Zida izi zimakupatsani mwayi wofikira madera agalimoto omwe angafune kusokoneza kuti muwone.
Mukayang'ana galimotoyo ngati ikutuluka, ma hoses owonongeka kapena ofooka, malamba akuphwanyidwa, kuwonongeka kwa rediyeta, condenser, kuyang'ana mafani a clutch kuti atayike ndikugwira ntchito moyenera, ndi nthawi yoti muwone magazi a wodwalayo.Chabwino, izo zikhoza kukhala zodabwitsa pang'ono, koma ndakumvetserani, sichoncho ine?Zomwe ndikunena ndizozizira.Nthawi ina, tonse tinangotulutsa pulagi, kukhetsa ndikuyitcha tsiku.Osati mwachangu pamenepo, Sparky!Magalimoto ambiri amasiku ano ali ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri.Ena amawavotera kuti ayendetse ma kilomita 50,000.Kotero, tsopano chiyani?Cholinga chanu ndikuwona ngati choziziritsa chikadali choteteza ku kuwira ndi kuzizira, komanso kuziziritsa injini yagalimoto.Muyenera kutsimikizira kuti makina ozizira ali ndi chiŵerengero cholondola cha zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi madzi.Muyeneranso kutsimikizira mphamvu yokoka ya chozizirirapo (kuti mutsimikize chitetezo cholondola ku kuzizira ndi kutentha), ndipo muyenera kutsimikizira kuti palibe zowononga muzoziziritsa zomwe zingayambitse kuzizira msanga.
Pali njira zingapo zachangu komanso zosavuta zowonera zoziziritsa.Njira imodzi yabwino komanso yosavuta yowonera mtundu wa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mizere yoyesa pH.Mapepala a litmus awa adapangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi pH kapena mphamvu yokoka ya choziziritsira.Katswiriyo amangoviika mzerewo mu choziziritsira, ndipo mzerewo umachita ndi mtundu womwe umagwirizana ndi tchati kuti akuuzeni kutentha komwe kozizirirako kumakutetezani.
Chida china chachikulu chowonera pH yoziziritsa ndi hydrometer.Chida ichi chimagwiritsa ntchito ma optics kuti muwone choziziritsa.Mumayika dontho la zoziziritsa kukhosi pamalo oyesera, kutseka chivundikirocho ndikuyang'ana powonera.Mulingo womwe uli patsamba lowonera udzakupatsani pH ya choziziritsa ndipo mumayang'ana pa sikelo yoperekedwa ndi chida.Njira zonsezi zimapereka zotsatira zokhazikika komanso zolondola ndikukulolani kuti mutsimikizire kufunikira kosintha koziziritsa.
Chinthu chotsatira panthawi yokonza ndikuyesa kupanikizika.Izi zidzakhaladi mayesero awiri osiyana.Kuyesa kumodzi komwe mungayesere pa chipangizo chonse chozizira kuchotsera chipewa chozizirira (chikapuchi chikhoza kukhala pa radiator kapena pankhokwe yozizirira).Chiyeso chachiwiri komanso, chimodzimodzi ngati sichofunikira kwambiri, ndikuyesa kapu yoziziritsa.Mayesowa ndi ofunikira chifukwa kapu ndi chipangizo chomwe chimayang'anira kuwira ndi chisindikizo cha dongosolo.Pali mitundu ingapo yosiyanasiyana yoyesa ma pressure system yomwe ilipo.Onse ali ndi zinthu zofanana.Woyesa adzakhala ndi adaputala kapena seti ya ma adapter kuti akuloleni kuti mulumikize ku makina agalimoto onse komanso kapu yoziziritsira.Woyesa adzakhala ndi geji yomwe ingawerenge pang'onopang'ono ndipo ena amayesa vacuum.Dongosolo lozizira limatha kuyang'aniridwa ndi kukakamizidwa kapena vacuum.Cholinga ndikutsimikizira kukhulupirika kwadongosolo (palibe kutayikira).Oyesa apamwamba kwambiri adzakhala ndi mphamvu yoyesera osati vacuum ndi kupanikizika, komanso kutentha.Izi ndizofunikira kuti muzindikire kutenthedwa kwa zinthu.(Zambiri pa izi pambuyo pake.)
Chabwino, mwayang'ana dongosolo, mwayang'ana pH mwa njira imodzi yomwe ili pamwambapa, munayesa kukakamiza, ndipo mwaganiza kuti choziziriracho chiyenera kusinthidwa.Pali njira zingapo zochitira izi.Ndikambirana njira zingapo zodziwika bwino.Njira yoyesera ndi yowona, yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira pamene Henry Ford anayamba kugwedeza mutu wake pa poto ya mafuta, ndi mphamvu yokoka.Tsegulani petcock kapena kukhetsa pulagi pa dongosolo ndi let'er kung'amba ... kapena kudontha monga momwe zingakhalire!
…Ummm, Houston tili ndi vuto!Inde, mwaganiza!Magalimoto ambiri atsopano alibe mapulagi otayira pamakina.Ndiye tsopano chiyani?Chabwino izo zimatengera galimoto ndi sitolo zipangizo.Zosankha zanu ndikumasula payipi (yotsika mtengo, yosokoneza, yosakwanira);kukhetsa ndi kudzaza (zotsika mtengo, zogwira mtima, zachangu);kapena kusinthanitsa madzimadzi pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira madzimadzi (okwera mtengo kwambiri, ogwira mtima kwambiri, opulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama pakapita nthawi).
Ngati mungasankhe njira imodzi - kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka ngati bwenzi lanu - mutha kuganizirabe zida zina zomwe zingapangitse kuti tsiku lanu liziyenda bwino.Imodzi ndi fupa lalikulu.Matayala apulasitikiwa ali ngati kamwa zazikulu zomwe zimakhala pamwamba pa ngalande yanu yozizirira.Izi ndi zazikulu mokwanira kuti zigwire madontho onse kuti musawononge sitolo, gombe ndi/kapena nokha.Ma fayilo otsika mtengo awa adapangidwa kuti azigwira madzimadzi otulutsa, koma agwira ntchito yabwinonso pano.
Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri pazochitikazi ndi zida zabwino za radiator.Zida zimenezi zimawoneka ngati screwdriver yomwe yagwera m'mataya zinyalala.Ndi zogwirira zazikulu zopindika ndi nsonga zopindika komanso zopindika zomwe zimatsikira pang'onopang'ono, zida izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumasula ma radiator ndi mapaipi otenthetsera omwe "awotcha" potengera madzi.Zida zimenezi zidzathyola chisindikizo popanda kudula kapena kung'amba payipi.Ngati mukuyenda njira yotsika kwambiri, muyenera kuyikapo ndalama muzitsulo zodzaza ma radiator opanda kutaya.Chida ichi chimakupatsani mwayi wodzaza makina oziziritsa m'mbuyo popanda kuyambitsa mpweya wowonjezera (air bad!).Chida chotsika mtengochi ndichofunika kukhala nacho pamagalimoto ambiri amasiku ano omwe ali mochedwa komanso magalimoto okhala ndi masinthidwe pomwe mphuno (radiator) imakhala yotsika kuposa magawo ena oziziritsa.Chidacho chimathandiza kuchotsa maloko a mpweya ndi thovu.Ma matumba a mpweya awa angayambitse kulephera kwa sensa, kukhazikitsa manambala abodza, kuyambitsa kutentha kwambiri ndi zodabwitsa zina zoyipa.
Njira yachiwiri ndi kukhetsa vacuum ndi kudzaza dongosolo.Zida izi, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mpweya wa sitolo, zidzakuthandizani kukhetsa ndikudzaza dongosolo popanda chisokonezo ndi nkhawa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka ndikudzaza.Zida zili ndi mitundu iwiri yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi valve.Mumayika valavu pamalo amodzi kuti mukhetse makinawo, ndiyeno mutha kuyambitsa zoziziritsa kukhosi pansi pa vacuum (palibe mpweya!).Zida zimenezi, ngakhale kuti ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kusiyana ndi zotsika zamakono zowonongeka, ndizofunika ndalama zowonjezerapo ndipo zidzadzilipira zokha pochotsa kubwereranso ndikumenyana ndi magalimoto ovuta omwe simungathe kuwawombera!
Njira yomaliza yosinthira madzimadzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina oziziritsa.Makinawa amagwira ntchito mofanana ndi makina a A/C okonzanso zinthu.Makinawa ali ndi ma valve angapo omwe amawongolera kutuluka kwa madzimadzi.Woyendetsa galimoto amaika "tee" mu dongosolo la galimoto, nthawi zambiri mu payipi ya heater.Madzimadzi amachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa kudzera mu mgwirizanowu.Nthawi zina, tee imasiyidwa m'malo mwake, pomwe m'makina ena katswiri amaika tee inline kwakanthawi ndikuichotsa pambuyo pa msonkhano.Pogwiritsa ntchito vacuum, makinawo amakhetsa makinawo, nthawi zina amayesa kutayikira kenako amachotsa madziwo ndi choziziritsa chatsopano.Makinawa amayambira pamanja mpaka pawokha.Ngakhale makina osinthira ozizira ndiwo okwera mtengo kwambiri, amamveka bwino pamashopu apamwamba.Makinawa amathandiziranso kutsata zofunikira pakutaya madzi akale.Pomaliza, makinawa amapereka ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso kusinthanitsa kwathunthu kwamadzi akale, kuwonetsetsa kuti njira yozizirira yogwira ntchito bwino.
Kuzizira System Kuzindikira
Makasitomala akabwera chifukwa cha zovuta zoziziritsa, madandaulo amakhala akuti: "Galimoto yanga ikutentha!"Nthawi zambiri vutoli limawonekera nthawi yomweyo.Lamba wosowa, payipi wosweka, radiator yotuluka ndizosavuta kuzizindikira ndikuzikonza.Nanga bwanji galimoto ija yomwe sikuwonetsa zizindikiro zodziwikiratu za kulephera kwa magawo, koma ikuthamanga kwambiri?Pali, monga mukudziwa, zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingayambitse vutoli.Ndikufuna kukupatsirani malingaliro angapo a zida zomwe mwina simunaganizirepo kuwonjezera pa zida zanu kuti muzindikire zovuta zamakina ozizira.
Choyamba ndi mfuti yabwino ya kutentha kwa infrared.Chida ichi chikhoza kukhala chofunikira kwambiri pozindikira zoletsa muzoziziritsa, kuyang'ana kutentha kotsegulira kwa thermostat ndi mayeso ena ambiri.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, pali zida zabwino zoyezera kukakamiza zomwe zimaphatikiza kutentha ngati imodzi mwamayeso omwe amayesa.Mwa kuyesa dongosolo pansi pa kupanikizika, mukhoza kuzindikira molondola vutoli.Mutha kutsimikizira momwe dongosololi limagwirira ntchito, ndikudziwa bwino lomwe kutentha ndi kupanikizika nthawi imodzi.Ndikofunikira kuti muthe kudziwa zomwe zikuchitika ndi makina ozizira.
Chida chimodzi chomwe ndikuganiza kuti sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira pozindikira makina oziziritsa ndi utoto wa ultraviolet.Polowetsa utoto mu makina oziziritsa ndikuwongolera kutentha, mutha kutsimikizira kuti pali kutayikira komwe mukukayikira musanagwire ntchito zodula.Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi borescope ya UV, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, muli ndi kuphatikiza kwamphamvu kwa matenda.
Kukonzekera Kwadongosolo Lozizira
Pali zida zambiri zokonzera zoziziritsa kuziziritsa zomwe ndikuganiza kuti ndizofunikira komanso zofunikira, koma nthawi ndi malo zimandiletsa kuti ndisatchule zonse.Ndikufuna kutchula zochepa chabe zomwe ndikuganiza kuti ndizomveka kuti matekinoloje ambiri azikhala nawo m'bokosi lawo.
Seti yathunthu ya zida zotsina payipi.Zida izi zidzapulumutsa tsiku, nthawi ndi nthawi.Mwa kutsekereza ma hoses olowera ndi otuluka kuchokera pa radiator, mutha kuyichotsa ndi kutaya pang'ono kwamadzimadzi.Monga ndanenera kale, zida zopangira payipi ndizofunikira zowonjezera.Muyenera kukhala ndi makulidwe angapo ndi kutalika kuchokera ku kakang'ono mpaka kachimphona.Izi zipangitsa kuti ntchito yoyipa ikhale yosavuta komanso ingakupulumutseni kutaya tsiku mukudikirira payipi ina.Chimenecho ndi chida chomwe chili choyenera mtengo wake.
Ndimakonda kwambiri zida zoyendetsa payipi zosinthira.Zida izi ndi zomangira zomangira zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ambiri aku Europe, komanso zingwe zotsekera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo.Shaft imasinthasintha mokwanira kulola kulowa m'malo olimba ndipo mutha kupezabe torque yokwanira kuchotsa ndikuyika zingwe.Kulankhula za zida zochepetsera payipi, chida china choyenera kukhala nacho ndi pulani yapaipi yapamwamba kwambiri.Zida zogwiritsira ntchito chingwezi poyamba zinkaonedwa ndi anthu ambiri monga chida chapamwamba kapena chidole.Tsopano iwo ali pafupifupi irreplaceable.Magalimoto ambiri amakhala ndi zingwe m'malo otsekeka kotero kuti kuchotsa chotchinga popanda chida ichi ndizovuta ngati sizingatheke.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-25-2022